Feeling Worn Out? PGC1α to the Rescue for Dysfunctional Mitochondria in T Cell Exhaustion

T-cell receptors: Feeling out the complex

Recent crystallographic studies show that the T-cell receptor has a largely immunoglobulin-like structure and binds to MHC-peptide complexes through loops from paired Valpha and Vbeta domains that focus on the central amino acids of the MHC-bound peptide, and to bacterial superantigens via peripheral aspects of the Vbeta domain.

SnapShot: T Cell Exhaustion

Rescue of Dysfunctional Autophagy

A Worn-Out Welcome

A 298 W hen Iceland became the first country to ban most forms of asbestos in 1983, 1 global use hovered around 4.3–4.7 million metric tons per year. 2 Twenty-five years later, with several dozen countries now implementing some form of ban, 1 that number had dropped to 2.1 million metric tons. 3 Today, while demand has plummeted in most developed countries, it continues to rise in those countri...

Inhibitory Receptors Beyond T Cell Exhaustion

Inhibitory receptors (iRs) are frequently associated with "T cell exhaustion". However, the expression of iRs is also dependent on T cell differentiation and activation. Therapeutic blockade of various iRs, also referred to as "checkpoint blockade", is showing -unprecedented results in the treatment of cancer patients. Consequently, the clinical potential in this field is broad, calling for inc...